The ridiculousness of the waste-filled balloons aside, Pyongyang's potential to integrate balloons with modern warfare tactics is quite high. They offer advantages in intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance, operating at altitudes and capabilities for wide-area monitoring. Historically used for propaganda and other purposes, balloons are cost-effective tools in the modern geostrategic environment and the North's actions must be closely monitored.
For some time now, South Korean activists have been sending anti-Kim Jong-un pamphlets into North Korea via balloons, despite a ban. While they also send balloons carrying vitamins and painkillers, propaganda is a key motive — especially against North Korea’s nuclear program. South Korean President Yoon Suk-yeol’s government is supportive of such activists. The North is now answering them with both proportionality and wit.