While the authors of this study suggest COVID vaccines could've caused these excess deaths there's data to turn this on its ear. A study from the UK's Office for National Statistics showed that the death rate from April 2021 to May 2023 was higher in the unvaccinated, even when COVID deaths were excluded. There are numerous other reasons why excess deaths have increased in the post-COVID years.
It's possible that lockdowns and vaccines did not deliver as promised while both were coming to prominence in 2021. Western leaders are still not being truthful about the efficacy and safety of the jab, which is why they, more than anyone, must heed the recommendations of the study's authors. Much research is indeed needed, and this is a troubling finding.