The Investigatory Powers Act strikes a vital balance between privacy and security. With rigorous judicial, executive, and parliamentary oversight, including independent reviews and transparency obligations, it ensures that surveillance is lawful, necessary, and proportionate. These safeguards protect the rights of the British public while enabling swift action against serious threats.
The Investigatory Powers Act enables mass surveillance that infringes on fundamental rights to privacy and free expression. Bulk data collection targets everyone, not just suspects, without meaningful safeguards, especially for journalists and lawyers. Rushed reforms have weakened oversight, ignored expert input, and transformed the U.K. into an illiberal, Orwellian state.