Mediterranean sperm whales are not only vocal but also culturally advanced. Distinct click dialects have emerged among eastern and western populations over thousands of years of isolation, revealing insights into animal culture. This underscores that cultural evolution isn't unique to humans and highlights the need for protective measures for these endangered creatures.
Two decades of acoustic data reveal that Mediterranean sperm whales are evolving new dialects while retaining ancestral ones, showcasing more complex cultural transmission at sea. Eastern whales near the Hellenic Trench have developed a faster coda variation but still revert to the older western form, highlighting their deep cultural memory. Ignoring this vocal complexity in conservation strategies could hinder efforts to protect these endangered animals.
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